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What are the vertical columns or families or groups in the periodic table?
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They are called groups or families. Often the elements that are found in the same group as each other have similar chemistry and reactivity.


Each column is named as follows, going from left to right across the periodic table (see the Web Links to the left for a periodic table).
The names in bold are the most very commonly used names (some of the other names are not very often used).

* Group 1 (IA,IA): the alkali metals or hydrogen family/lithium family
* Group 2 (IIA,IIA): the alkaline earth metals or beryllium family
* Group 3 (IIIA,IIIB): the scandium family
* Group 4 (IVA,IVB): the titanium family
* Group 5 (VA,VB): the vanadium family
* Group 6 (VIA,VIB): the chromium family
* Group 7 (VIIA,VIIB): the manganese family
* Group 8 (VIII): the iron family
* Group 9 (VIII): the cobalt family
* Group 10 (VIII): the nickel family
* Group 11 (IB,IB): the copper family
* Group 12 (IIB,IIB): the zinc family
* Group 13 (IIIB,IIIA): the boron family
* Group 14 (IVB,IVA): the carbon family
* Group 15 (VB,VA): the nitrogen family
* Group 16 (VIB,VIA): the chalcogens or oxygen family
* Group 17 (VIIB,VIIA): the halogens or fluorine family
* Group 18 (Group 0): the noble gases or helium family/neon family

the rows are periods.
the columns are groups.

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