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What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation1 for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. Its headquarters are located in Brussels[1], Belgium. Its other official name is the French equivalent, l'Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN).

Short answer

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was created during the Cold War http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War to ensure that the USSR would not take advantage of the European countries surrounding Berlin Germany.This Organisation consisted of the US,UK,Canada,Netherlands,Norway,Sweden,Portugal and Germany initially,France participated in NATO exercises, but never officialy signed on.

It was expected to contain the major thrust of any USSR incursions, and allow enough time for the rest of the western nations time to provide reinforcements.It was felt that it would be critical to stop or slow down the USSR within the first few days or week.

Since it's inception, other countries have joined, and since the Warsaw Pact crumbled former Soviet sattelite countries have also requested admission, as they still perceive the Russian threat is still there.

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